A peptide is a molecule made up of two or more amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. It can also be defined as a polymer formed by binding amino acid subunits. A peptide molecule can be biologically active alone or can act as a subunit for a larger molecule. Proteins are essentially very large peptides, often consisting of several peptide subunits. Peptides are important in biology, chemistry, and medicine because they are blocks of hormones, toxins, proteins, enzymes, cells, and tissues of the body.
Peptides are biologically and medically important molecules. They occur naturally inside organisms, and compounds synthesized in the laboratory are active when introduced into a body. Peptides act as structural components of cells and tissues, hormones, toxins, antibiotics, and enzymes. Examples of peptides include the hormone oxytocin, glutathione (stimulates tissue growth), melittin (bee venom), the pancreatic hormone insulin, and glucagon (a hyperglycemic factor).
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